**妊娠中の鎮痛剤使用と自閉症リスクをめぐり、2025年に発表されたメタ解析は関連を示唆しましたが、因果関係は未証明です。大規模コホート研究では交絡因子による見かけ上の関連とされ、明確なリスク増加は否定的です。現在の医学界の総意は「必要最小限なら使用可能」であり、安易な断定は妊婦に混乱を与えるとされています。**

**【音声解説】**

[**【音声解説】妊娠中の鎮痛剤と自閉症リスクの科学的論争｜Dr. bycomet**

妊婦のアセトアミノフェン（タイレノール）使用と子どもの自閉症/ADHDリスクをめぐる最新の科学論争を解説します。 2025年のメタ分析は関連を示唆しましたが、2024年の大規模な兄弟内比較研究は因果的関連を否定しました。 主要医学界（ACOG）は「推奨変更の根拠なし」として政権の主張を批判。 ...

https://note.com

## トランプ政権の主張とその根拠について

トランプ政権（ドナルド・トランプ大統領および政権高官）は2025年9月の記者会見において、「妊娠中のタイレノール（アセトアミノフェン）使用が子どもの自閉症リスクを高める可能性がある」と発言しました [\[1\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/trump-expected-link-autism-with-tylenol-experts-say-more-research-needed-2025-09-22/#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20Sept%2022%20%28Reuters%29%20,health%20policy) [\[2\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=The%20Trump%20administration%20stated%20on,their%20use%2C%20contradicting%20medical%20evidence)。この主張の根拠として、政権側は  **2025年8月に発表されたメタアナリシス論文** を引用しています [\[3\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=During%20the%20press%20conference%2C%20federal,autism%20and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children)。その論文は米マウントサイナイ医科大学、ハーバード公衆衛生大学院、UCLA公衆衛生大学院などの研究者による系統的レビューで、 **妊娠中のアセトアミノフェン曝露と自閉症・注意欠陥多動性障害（ADHD）など神経発達障害リスクの関連** を解析したものです [\[3\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=During%20the%20press%20conference%2C%20federal,autism%20and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children)。このメタアナリシスでは **46件の先行研究** を対象に分析した結果、 **胎児期のアセトアミノフェン曝露と児の発達障害リスク増加との関連を示唆** しました [\[4\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=A%202025%20review%20%2C%20opens,for%20the%20shortest%20possible%20period)。ただし **著者ら自身は「因果関係を証明するものではない」** と強調しており、妊婦がタイレノールの使用を直ちに中止すべきだとは **勧告していません** [\[5\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=of%20neurodevelopmental%20disorders%2C%20including%20autism,and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children)。実際、この論文の結論では「入手可能なエビデンスは関連性を支持するが、慎重の原則から **必要に応じて最低限の量・期間にとどめるよう妊婦に助言すべき** である」と述べられています [\[6\]](https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=Conclusions)。

しかし、トランプ大統領自身の発言はこの **科学的慎重姿勢を超えて踏み込んだ内容** でした。彼は会見で妊婦に対し「タイレノールは飲まないで。副作用はないんだから、妊娠中は我慢しなさい」とまで呼びかけ [\[7\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=But%20Trump%20went%20further%2C%20directly,Don%27t%20take%20it)、「これらの発言は自分の人生経験や常識によるもので、医師の言葉そのままではない」と断っています [\[8\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=At%20one%20point%2C%20Trump%20acknowledged,common%20sense)。このような主張に対して、米国産婦人科学会（ACOG）や小児科学会など主要な医療団体は一斉に反発しました。ACOG会長のスティーブン・フライシュマン医師は声明で「 **アセトアミノフェン使用が自閉症を引き起こすという示唆は、エビデンスの全体像に裏付けられておらず、妊婦に混乱と不安を与える無責任な発言**」だと強く批判しています [\[9\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=In%20a%20statement%2C%20Dr,the%20safest%20painkiller%20during%20pregnancy)。また、米食品医薬品局（FDA）が医師向けに出した注意文でも「多数の研究で関連が指摘されている一方、 **因果関係は確立されておらず**、この話題は現在も科学的議論が続いている」と慎重な見解が示されました [\[10\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=The%20note%20included%20language%20that,ongoing%20area%20of%20scientific%20debate)。

まとめると、 **トランプ政権は2025年の発表時に妊婦の鎮痛剤（タイレノール）使用による自閉症リスク増加を主張し、その根拠として2025年8月のメタ分析研究を引用しました** [\[3\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=During%20the%20press%20conference%2C%20federal,autism%20and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children)。 **その研究自体は「関連の可能性はあるが因果は証明されていない」と結論づけており** [\[5\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=of%20neurodevelopmental%20disorders%2C%20including%20autism,and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children)、主要医学界は政権の断定的な言い方を支持せず、引き続きアセトアミノフェンは必要に応じ適切に用いるよう推奨しています [\[9\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=In%20a%20statement%2C%20Dr,the%20safest%20painkiller%20during%20pregnancy) [\[11\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Acetaminophen%2Fparacetamol%20is%20the%20recommended%20first,Gynecologists%2C%20and%20other%20medical%20organizations)。

## 妊婦の鎮痛剤使用と胎児の自閉症リスクに関する主な研究

近年、 **妊娠中の鎮痛剤使用（特にアセトアミノフェン）と子どもの自閉症スペクトラム障害（ASD）リスクとの関連** について多くの疫学研究が行われてきました。以下に信頼性の高い査読付き論文やメタアナリシスの代表例を年代順にまとめます（発表年、主要著者、掲載誌、対象規模、主な結論）。

**表の補足:** 上記には主要な研究の例を挙げましたが、他にも2010年代から複数の観察研究が報告されています。例えば、デンマークやスペインの出生コホート研究でも妊娠中の鎮痛剤使用と子どもの発達への影響が調べられ、いくつかは **ASDや注意欠陥などとの関連を示唆** し注目を集めました [\[22\]](https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=and%20the%20risk%20of%20attention,32%5D%20conducted%20a)。一方で、妊婦によるイブプロフェンなどNSAIDsの使用は妊娠後期の胎児循環への悪影響（動脈管収縮など）が以前から知られているため、 **自閉症リスクとの関連についての研究は比較的少なく**、現時点で **ASDリスクを高める明確なエビデンスは示されていません** [\[25\]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/#:~:text=found%20to%20be%20associated%20with,is%20needed%20to%20validate%20the)。

## 科学界のコンセンサスと議論の状況

**妊娠中の鎮痛剤使用と児の自閉症リスクに関する科学的コンセンサスは未だ確立されておらず、活発な議論が続いています。** 多数の観察研究で「わずかな関連」が報告されている一方で、 **交絡因子を厳密に調整した解析ではリスクが消失する場合もある** ためです [\[15\]](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2817406#:~:text=respectively)。専門家は「 **これまでの研究結果はまちまちであり、妊娠中のアセトアミノフェン使用が児の発達障害を直接引き起こすという確固たる証拠は存在しない**」と評価しています [\[28\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=Studies%20have%20been%20mixed%20on,link%20between%20vaccines%20and%20autism)。特に2024年のJAMA大型研究のように **兄弟間比較デザイン** を用いると、観察された関連が **遺伝や家庭環境など共有要因による見かけ上のものである可能性** が示唆されました [\[13\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=However%2C%20when%20siblings%20exposed%20and,the%20researchers%20found%20no%20differences) [\[14\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=%E2%80%9CWe%20did%20not%20see%20any,author%20of%20the%20study)。このことから、「これまでの関連報告の多くは **交絡要因や適切な対照設定の不足によって生じた疑似相関の可能性** が高い」とする見解があります。

一方で、 **動物実験や一部の疫学データからは生物学的なメカニズムの仮説も提起** されています。アセトアミノフェンは胎盤を通過し胎児脳に作用しうること、内分泌かく乱や酸化ストレスの増加を招く可能性が指摘されており、 **「妊娠中のアセトアミノフェン曝露は胎児脳発達に影響しうる」との懸念** が一部の研究者から示されています [\[29\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=families,increasing%20ADHD%20prevalence%20over%20time) [\[30\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=On%20other%20hand%2C%20the%20observed,and%20conduct%20stratified)。2021年には国際的な科学者・臨床医グループが **「慎重なる行動を呼びかける声明」を発表し、医学的に必要な場合を除き妊娠中の安易な鎮痛剤使用を控えるよう勧告** しました [\[31\]](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2817406#:~:text=pregnancy,deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%20%28ADHD)。この声明（Nature Reviews Endocrinology掲載）は、当時の観察研究や動物研究の知見を総括し、アセトアミノフェンの潜在リスクに注意を促したものです [\[32\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=prescription%20and%20prescription%20packaging)。これに対し、米国産婦人科学会（ACOG）や米国小児科学会は **「現時点で推奨を変更する十分な根拠はない」** として、従来どおり **アセトアミノフェンは妊娠中でも使用可能な第一選択の鎮痛・解熱薬** であるとの立場を維持しました [\[11\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Acetaminophen%2Fparacetamol%20is%20the%20recommended%20first,Gynecologists%2C%20and%20other%20medical%20organizations)。ACOGは声明の中で「 **妊婦にとって未治療の発熱や激しい痛みの方が胎児に有害となり得る**」ことや、他のNSAIDs系鎮痛薬は妊娠後期に **胎児に明確なリスク（心奇形や動脈管早期閉鎖など）** があるため避けるべき場合が多い点を指摘しています [\[33\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Acetaminophen%2Fparacetamol%20is%20the%20recommended%20first,Gynecologists%2C%20and%20other%20medical%20organizations) [\[34\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=,baby%20or%20use%20riskier%20alternatives)。

現在の総意としては、 **「アセトアミノフェンは妊娠中でも必要に応じて使用してよいが、可能な限り最短期間・最低有効量にとどめ、乱用は避ける」というバランスの取れた勧告** が各国の産科ガイドラインで示されています [\[35\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=The%20Fass%20text%20notes%20that,able%20to%20show%20conclusive%20results)。例えばスウェーデン医薬品情報（Fass）でも「 **妊娠中もパラセタモール（アセトアミノフェン）は使用可能だが、必要最小限にとどめること**」が推奨されています [\[35\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=The%20Fass%20text%20notes%20that,able%20to%20show%20conclusive%20results)。この方針は **リスクとベネフィットの両面を考慮した現実的な妥協策** と言えます。すなわち、 **母体の高熱や激痛を放置すること自体が流産・早産や奇形のリスクを高める** ため [\[36\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=WHAT%20ARE%20THE%20RISKS%20OF,NOT%20REDUCING%20FEVER%20DURING%20PREGNANCY)、まずはアセトアミノフェンでそれらを安全に抑えることが母子の健康に寄与する、という考え方です。

最後に、2023年には米国で **市販のタイレノール（アセトアミノフェン）と自閉症/ADHDとの因果関係を主張する集団訴訟** が相次ぎましたが、 **連邦裁判所は「科学的根拠が不十分」として専門家証言を却下し、訴訟自体も棄却** されました [\[37\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Assertions%20of%20a%20potential%20link,could%20cause%20ADHD%20or%20autism)。この司法判断も、現時点で因果関係を立証できるほどのエビデンスが無いことを示す象徴的な出来事です。総合すると、 **妊婦の鎮痛剤使用と胎児のASDリスクに関する科学的知見は現時点では決定打に欠け、関連を示す報告と否定的な報告が混在する状況** です [\[28\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=Studies%20have%20been%20mixed%20on,link%20between%20vaccines%20and%20autism)。研究者コミュニティでは「さらなる大規模で精巧な研究が必要」との認識で一致しており、一般向けには「 **用法用量を守り、主治医と相談の上で慎重に使用する**」というメッセージが発信されています [\[38\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=%E2%80%9CWe%20hope%20that%20our%20findings,individual%20case%2C%E2%80%9C%20says%20Renee%20Gardner) [\[35\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=The%20Fass%20text%20notes%20that,able%20to%20show%20conclusive%20results)。

## 参考文献

1\. [\[3\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=During%20the%20press%20conference%2C%20federal,autism%20and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children) [\[5\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=of%20neurodevelopmental%20disorders%2C%20including%20autism,and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children) ABC News – トランプ政権高官による2025年8月メタ分析論文の引用と言及内容

2\. [\[4\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=A%202025%20review%20%2C%20opens,for%20the%20shortest%20possible%20period) [\[39\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=WHAT%20ARE%20THE%20MEDICAL%20GUIDELINES,FOR%20PREGNANT%20WOMEN) Reuters (Nancy Lapid) – アセトアミノフェンと自閉症リスクに関する最新エビデンスの解説

3\. [\[17\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=We%20identified%2046%20studies%20for,ratings%20informing%20the%20overall%20synthesis) [\[6\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=Conclusions) Environmental Health – 2025年8月発表の系統的レビュー（Pradaら）の結果と結論

4\. [\[28\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=Studies%20have%20been%20mixed%20on,link%20between%20vaccines%20and%20autism) ABC News – 「妊娠中のAPAP使用が自閉症を起こすとの証拠は無い」とする報道内容

5\. [\[13\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=However%2C%20when%20siblings%20exposed%20and,the%20researchers%20found%20no%20differences) [\[14\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=%E2%80%9CWe%20did%20not%20see%20any,author%20of%20the%20study) Karolinska Institutet News – 2024年JAMA論文（Ahlqvistら）についての解説と研究者コメント

6\. [\[19\]](https://hub.jhu.edu/2019/11/05/acetaminophen-pregnancy-autism-adhd/#:~:text=The%20researchers%20analyzed%20data%20from,acetaminophen%20in%20their%20cord%20blood) Johns Hopkins Hub – 2019年JAMA Psychiatry論文（Jiら）についての報道（臍帯血中APAP濃度とASDリスク3倍の結果）

7\. [\[22\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=and%20the%20risk%20of%20attention,32%5D%20conducted%20a) Environmental Health – 2020年メタ解析（Masarwaら）におけるASDリスク19%増加等の詳細

8\. [\[26\]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/#:~:text=identified%20risk%20factors%20for%20ASD,was%20found%20to%20be%20associated) [\[25\]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/#:~:text=found%20to%20be%20associated%20with,is%20needed%20to%20validate%20the) J Women’s Health (PubMed) – 2023年NSAIDs使用とASD/IDリスクに関する研究結果と結論

9\. [\[9\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=In%20a%20statement%2C%20Dr,the%20safest%20painkiller%20during%20pregnancy) [\[34\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=,baby%20or%20use%20riskier%20alternatives) ABC News – 米産婦人科学会(ACOG)等による反応コメントおよびタイレノール製造元の声明

10\. [\[31\]](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2817406#:~:text=pregnancy,deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%20%28ADHD) JAMA (2024) – 序文における2021年国際コンセンサス声明（「妊娠中は医療上必要な場合以外APAP控えるべき」との勧告）への言及

11\. [\[36\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=WHAT%20ARE%20THE%20RISKS%20OF,NOT%20REDUCING%20FEVER%20DURING%20PREGNANCY) Reuters – 妊娠中に発熱や痛みを放置するリスク（未治療の発熱・痛みが胎児に有害となり得ること）

12\. [\[37\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Assertions%20of%20a%20potential%20link,could%20cause%20ADHD%20or%20autism) Reuters – 2023年タイレノールとASD/ADHDの集団訴訟が科学的根拠不十分で棄却された経緯

[\[1\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/trump-expected-link-autism-with-tylenol-experts-say-more-research-needed-2025-09-22/#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20Sept%2022%20%28Reuters%29%20,health%20policy) Trump links autism to Tylenol and vaccines, claims not backed by science \| Reuters

[https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/trump-expected-link-autism-with-tylenol-experts-say-more-research-needed-2025-09-22/](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/trump-expected-link-autism-with-tylenol-experts-say-more-research-needed-2025-09-22/)

[\[2\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=The%20Trump%20administration%20stated%20on,their%20use%2C%20contradicting%20medical%20evidence) [\[3\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=During%20the%20press%20conference%2C%20federal,autism%20and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children) [\[5\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=of%20neurodevelopmental%20disorders%2C%20including%20autism,and%20ADHD%2C%20in%20children) [\[7\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=But%20Trump%20went%20further%2C%20directly,Don%27t%20take%20it) [\[8\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=At%20one%20point%2C%20Trump%20acknowledged,common%20sense) [\[9\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=In%20a%20statement%2C%20Dr,the%20safest%20painkiller%20during%20pregnancy) [\[10\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=The%20note%20included%20language%20that,ongoing%20area%20of%20scientific%20debate) [\[28\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=Studies%20have%20been%20mixed%20on,link%20between%20vaccines%20and%20autism) [\[34\]](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080#:~:text=,baby%20or%20use%20riskier%20alternatives) Trump administration recommends pregnant women limit Tylenol, contradicting medical guidance - ABC News

[https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-admin-links-tylenol-pregnancy-increased-risk-autism/story?id=125802080)

[\[4\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=A%202025%20review%20%2C%20opens,for%20the%20shortest%20possible%20period) [\[11\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Acetaminophen%2Fparacetamol%20is%20the%20recommended%20first,Gynecologists%2C%20and%20other%20medical%20organizations) [\[33\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Acetaminophen%2Fparacetamol%20is%20the%20recommended%20first,Gynecologists%2C%20and%20other%20medical%20organizations) [\[36\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=WHAT%20ARE%20THE%20RISKS%20OF,NOT%20REDUCING%20FEVER%20DURING%20PREGNANCY) [\[37\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=Assertions%20of%20a%20potential%20link,could%20cause%20ADHD%20or%20autism) [\[39\]](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/#:~:text=WHAT%20ARE%20THE%20MEDICAL%20GUIDELINES,FOR%20PREGNANT%20WOMEN) Explainer: Is Tylenol safe to take during pregnancy? \| Reuters

[https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/](https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/is-tylenol-safe-take-during-pregnancy-2025-09-22/)

[\[6\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=Conclusions) [\[16\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=,Andrea%20A.%20Baccarelli%5E%7B4) [\[17\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=We%20identified%2046%20studies%20for,ratings%20informing%20the%20overall%20synthesis) [\[21\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=13,12615) [\[22\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=and%20the%20risk%20of%20attention,32%5D%20conducted%20a) [\[23\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=tool%20for%20assessing%20the%20quality,The%20analysis) [\[29\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=families,increasing%20ADHD%20prevalence%20over%20time) [\[30\]](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0#:~:text=On%20other%20hand%2C%20the%20observed,and%20conduct%20stratified) Evaluation of the evidence on acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders using the Navigation Guide methodology \| Environmental Health \| Full Text

[https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0](https://ehjournal.biomedical.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-025-01208-0)

[\[12\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=%E2%80%9DAcetaminophen%20Use%20During%20Pregnancy%20and,3172) [\[13\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=However%2C%20when%20siblings%20exposed%20and,the%20researchers%20found%20no%20differences) [\[14\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=%E2%80%9CWe%20did%20not%20see%20any,author%20of%20the%20study) [\[32\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=prescription%20and%20prescription%20packaging) [\[35\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=The%20Fass%20text%20notes%20that,able%20to%20show%20conclusive%20results) [\[38\]](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children#:~:text=%E2%80%9CWe%20hope%20that%20our%20findings,individual%20case%2C%E2%80%9C%20says%20Renee%20Gardner) No link between paracetamol use during pregnancy and autism or ADHD in children \| Karolinska Institutet

[https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children](https://news.ki.se/no-link-between-paracetamol-use-during-pregnancy-and-autism-or-adhd-in-children)

[\[15\]](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2817406#:~:text=respectively) [\[31\]](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2817406#:~:text=pregnancy,deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%20%28ADHD) Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability \| Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders \| JAMA \| JAMA Network

[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2817406](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2817406)

[\[18\]](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2753512#:~:text=1,et%20al) [\[20\]](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2753512#:~:text=Conclusions%20and%20Relevance%C2%A0%20Cord%20biomarkers,perinatal%20acetaminophen%20exposure%20and%20childhood) Association of Cord Plasma Biomarkers of In Utero Acetaminophen Exposure With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood \| Child Development \| JAMA Psychiatry \| JAMA Network

[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2753512](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2753512)

[\[19\]](https://hub.jhu.edu/2019/11/05/acetaminophen-pregnancy-autism-adhd/#:~:text=The%20researchers%20analyzed%20data%20from,acetaminophen%20in%20their%20cord%20blood) Taking Tylenol during pregnancy associated with elevated risks for autism, ADHD \| Hub

[https://hub.jhu.edu/2019/11/05/acetaminophen-pregnancy-autism-adhd/](https://hub.jhu.edu/2019/11/05/acetaminophen-pregnancy-autism-adhd/)

[\[24\]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/#:~:text=Mohiuddin%20Ahsanul%20Kabir%20Chowdhury%C2%A0et%20al,2023%20Mar) [\[25\]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/#:~:text=found%20to%20be%20associated) [\[26\]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/#:~:text=identified%20risk%20factors%20for%20ASD,was%20found%20to%20be%20associated) [\[27\]](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/#:~:text=maternal%20age%2C%20race%2C%20preeclampsia%2C%20smoking%2C%20ASD%20and%20ID%20among%20children) Relationship of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use During Pregnancy with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability Among Offspring - PubMed

[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36576852/)